Seller Policy Pages

Taobao Platform Service Agreement

Latest effective date: May 19, 2025

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You are welcome to sign this Taobao Platform Service Agreement (hereinafter referred to as "this Agreement") with each Taobao platform operator (see the definition terms for details) and use the Taobao platform services!

This agreement is a revised version of the Taobao Service Agreement. From the date of publication of this agreement, the "Taobao Service Agreement" referred to throughout the Taobao platform refers to this agreement.

The keywords listed before each service clause are intended solely to help you understand the substance of that clause and do not affect or limit the meaning or interpretation of the terms of this Agreement. To protect your own rights and interests, we recommend that you carefully read the specific wording of each clause.

[Read Carefully] Before you click to agree to this Agreement during the registration process, you should carefully read this Agreement. Please ensure you fully understand all terms, especially those regarding exemptions or limitations of liability, governing law, and dispute resolution. Terms regarding exemptions or limitations of liability are highlighted in bold and should be read carefully. If you have any questions about this Agreement, please contact Taobao customer service.

[Signing Action] By filling in the information as prompted on the registration page, reading and agreeing to this Agreement, and completing the entire registration process, you have fully read, understood, and accepted the entire terms of this Agreement, and have reached an agreement with Taobao to become a "User" of the Taobao platform. If you disagree with this Agreement or any of its terms while reading it, you should immediately terminate the registration process.

1. Definition

Taobao Platform : refers to websites and clients such as Taobao (domain name taobao.com), Tmall (domain name tmall.com), Fliggy (domain names alitrip.com, fligi.com , feizhu.com) , and Xianyu (goofish.com), which provide users with comprehensive services such as online shopping, travel services, and resale of unused goods.

Taobao: The single or collective name of the operators of the Taobao platform, including Zhejiang Taobao Network Co., Ltd., the operator of Taobao.com, Zhejiang Tmall Network Co., Ltd., the operator of Tmall, Hangzhou Taomei Aviation Service Co., Ltd., the operator of Fliggy, and Zhejiang Alibaba Xianyu Network Technology Co., Ltd., the operator of Xianyu.

Taobao platform services: Taobao is an Internet-based service that provides you with various services in various forms including the Taobao platform website and client (including new service forms that emerge from future technological developments).

Taobao Platform Rules : including all rules, interpretations, announcements, etc. that have been published or will be published in all Taobao Platform Rules channels, as well as various rules, implementation details, product process descriptions, announcements, etc. published by each platform in gangs, forums, and help centers.

Taobao Rules : For details on the rules listed in the Taobao Rules section, please see here .
Tmall Rules : For details on the rules listed in the Tmall Rules section, please see here . 
Fliggy Rules : For details on the rules listed in the Fliggy Rules section, please see here . 

Xianyu Rules : For details on the rules listed in the Xianyu Community Rules channel, please see "Xianyu APP - My - Xianyu Convention". 

Alibaba Platform : refers to websites and clients including Taobao, Alibaba Chinese website (domain name 1688.com), Tmall Global website (domain name tmall.hk), eTao (domain name etao.com), Alimama (domain name alimama.com) , Cainiao (domain name cainiao.com), Liangxin Pharmacy (maiyao.liangxinyao.com), Hema (domain name freshippo.com ), and Ele.me (eleme.com).

Alipay Company : refers to Alipay (China) Network Technology Co., Ltd., the entity providing Alipay services.

Affiliates : refers to the affiliates of Taobao platform service providers disclosed in the latest annual report of Alibaba Group Holding Limited.

II. Scope of the Agreement 

2.1  Contracting Parties

[Equal Parties] This agreement is jointly concluded by you and the Taobao platform operator, and this agreement has contractual effect on both you and the Taobao platform operator.

[Subject Information] Taobao platform operators refer to the legal entities that operate the Taobao platform. You can check the license information posted at the bottom of the homepage of each Taobao platform website at any time to determine the Taobao entity that will perform your contract. Under this Agreement, the Taobao platform operator may change due to business adjustments to the Taobao platform. The changed Taobao platform operator will jointly perform this Agreement with you and provide services to you. Changes in the Taobao platform operator will not affect your rights and interests under this Agreement. Taobao platform operators may also be added due to the provision of new Taobao platform services. If you use the newly added Taobao platform services, it will be deemed that you agree that the newly added Taobao platform operator will jointly perform this Agreement with you. In the event of a dispute, you can determine the entity that will perform your contract and the counterparty to the dispute based on the specific services you use and the specific objects of the behavior that affect your rights and interests.

2.2  Supplementary Agreement

Due to the rapid development of the internet, the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement between you and Taobao cannot fully enumerate and cover all of your rights and obligations, nor can existing agreements be guaranteed to fully meet future development needs. Therefore, the Taobao Platform Legal Statement , Privacy Policy , and Taobao Platform Rules are supplementary agreements to this Agreement and are inseparable from and have the same legal effect as this Agreement. Your use of Taobao Platform Services constitutes your agreement to these supplementary agreements.

3. Account Registration and Use

3.1  User Qualifications

You confirm that before you begin the registration process to use Taobao platform services, you must possess the civil capacity appropriate to your actions as required by the laws of the People's Republic of China. If you do not possess the aforementioned civil capacity appropriate to your actions, you and your guardian shall bear all consequences arising therefrom in accordance with the law .

In addition, you must ensure that you are not the subject of trade restrictions, economic sanctions or other legal and regulatory restrictions imposed by any country, region or international organization, and that you have not directly or indirectly provided funds, goods or services to the aforementioned parties. Otherwise, you should stop using the Taobao platform services. At the same time, you understand that violating the above requirements may result in your inability to register and use the Taobao platform services normally.

3.2  Account Description

[Account Acquisition] After you fill in the information according to the prompts on the registration page, read and agree to this agreement and complete all registration procedures, you can obtain a Taobao platform account and become a Taobao platform user.

Taobao only allows one Taobao account per user. If there is evidence, or Taobao determines, based on Taobao platform rules, that you have improperly registered or used multiple Taobao accounts, Taobao may take measures such as freezing or closing accounts, canceling orders, or refusing to provide services. You will also be liable for any losses caused to Taobao and its related parties.

[Account Usage] You have the right to log in to the Taobao platform using the Taobao member name, email address, mobile phone number (hereinafter referred to as the "Account Name") and the password you set (the Account Name and Password are collectively referred to as the "Account").

Because your Taobao account is linked to your personal information and Taobao platform business information, your Taobao account is for your personal use only. Without Taobao's consent, any direct or indirect authorization by you to a third party to use your Taobao account or obtain information associated with your account is invalid. If Taobao determines, based on the breach of contract procedures and standards set forth in the Taobao platform rules, that the use of your Taobao account may endanger the security of your account and/or the information security of the Taobao platform, Taobao may refuse to provide the corresponding services or terminate this Agreement.

[Account Transfer] Because user accounts are linked to user credit information, you may transfer your account only if there is explicit legal provision, judicial ruling, or Taobao's consent, and in accordance with the user account transfer process specified in Taobao's platform rules. Once your account is transferred, all rights and obligations associated with it are transferred. Otherwise, your account may not be transferred in any other way. Otherwise, Taobao reserves the right to pursue your liability for breach of contract, and you will bear all resulting liabilities and consequences.

[Real-name Authentication] As the operator of the Taobao platform, in order to enable you to better use the various services of the Taobao platform and to protect the security of your account, Taobao may require you to complete real-name authentication in accordance with the requirements of Alipay and relevant laws and regulations.

[Inactive Account Recovery] If your account meets the following conditions at the same time, Taobao may recover your account. Your account will no longer be able to log in to any Alibaba platform, and the corresponding services will be terminated at the same time:

(1) The user has not been bound to an Alipay account that has passed real-name authentication;

(2) The user has not been used to log into any Alibaba platform for six consecutive months;

(3) There is no valid business that has not yet expired.

3.3  Registration Information Management 

3.3.1  Authenticity and legality

[Information Authenticity] When using Taobao platform services, you must provide your information accurately and completely (including your name, email address, phone number, address, etc.) as prompted on the Taobao platform page so that Taobao or other users can contact you. You understand and agree that you have an obligation to maintain the authenticity and validity of the information you provide.

[Legality of Member Name] Your Taobao member name must not violate national laws and regulations, or Taobao platform rules regarding member name management. Otherwise, Taobao may reclaim your Taobao member name. Reclaiming your Taobao member name does not affect your ability to log in to Taobao using your email or mobile phone number and use Taobao platform services.

3.3.2  Update and Maintenance

You should update the information you provide in a timely manner. If the law clearly stipulates that Taobao, as a platform service provider, must verify the information of some users (such as platform sellers, etc.), Taobao will check and verify your information from time to time in accordance with the law. You should cooperate and provide the latest, true, complete and valid information.

If Taobao fails to contact you using the information you last provided, you fail to provide information promptly as requested by Taobao, the information you provided is manifestly false, or administrative or judicial authorities verify that the information you provided is invalid, you will bear all losses and adverse consequences incurred by yourself, others, and Taobao. Taobao may issue inquiries or request rectification, require you to re-authenticate, or even suspend or terminate the provision of some or all Taobao platform services to you. Taobao assumes no liability for any of these .

3.4  Account Security Specifications

[Account Security Obligation] Your account is created and maintained by you. Taobao will never proactively ask you to provide your account password. Therefore, we recommend that you take good care of your account and ensure you log out and leave the Taobao platform correctly at the end of each online session.

Taobao is not responsible for any losses or consequences caused by your active disclosure of your account or due to attacks, fraud, etc. by others. You should seek compensation from the infringer through judicial, administrative and other relief channels.

[You are responsible for your own account behavior] Unless Taobao is at fault, you are responsible for all actions under your account ( including but not limited to signing various agreements online, posting information, purchasing goods and services, and disclosing information, etc.).

[Daily Maintenance Notice] If you discover any unauthorized use of your account to log into the Taobao platform or any other situation that may result in theft or loss of your account, we recommend that you notify Taobao immediately and authorize Taobao to synchronize this information with Alipay and the Alibaba platform. You understand that it will take Taobao a reasonable amount of time to act on any of your requests, and that the actions taken by Taobao at your request may not be able to avoid or prevent the occurrence or escalation of the infringement. Taobao assumes no liability unless it is at fault as provided by law.

4. Taobao Platform Services and Regulations

[Service Overview] You have the right to enjoy services on the Taobao platform, including browsing, adding to favorites, purchasing and reviewing products and/or services, resolving transaction disputes, exchanging information (such as Q&A and sharing), and reselling unused items. Taobao offers a wide range of services, which you can view by logging in to the Taobao platform.

4.1  Browsing and Collecting Products and/or Services

When you browse our website or client, Taobao provides you with functions such as information classification, keyword search, filtering, collection, and follow to better meet your needs. You can collect and add products and/or services that interest you to your shopping cart, follow the stores/brands that interest you, etc.

4.2  Purchase and evaluation of goods and/or services

[Purchase of Goods and/or Services] When purchasing goods and/or services on the Taobao platform, please carefully confirm important details such as the product name, price, quantity, model, specifications, and dimensions, or the time, content, and restrictions of the services. Please also verify your contact address, phone number, and consignee information when placing an order. If the consignee you specify is not you, you will be responsible for all legal consequences arising from the consignee's actions and intentions. After you enter a transaction with another user on the Taobao platform, the system will generate an order for that transaction. You and the other user with whom you entered into the transaction are the counterparties to the transaction order. Furthermore, this transaction occurs on the Taobao platform, and the transaction-related processes and functions, as well as the rules and regulations set by the Taobao platform, are all part of the transaction order. They supplement the agreements reached between you and the counterparty regarding the establishment, performance, dispute resolution, and termination of the transaction order, and are inseparable from the transaction order and have the same legal effect. By using Taobao platform services to complete a transaction, you are deemed to have agreed to these supplementary agreements as part of the transaction order. 

While Taobao encourages and supports you and other users to enter into transactions based on the principles of good faith and fairness, and to freely agree upon transaction orders, in order to maintain platform transaction order and security, fairly protect the rights and interests of honest users, and adapt to reasonable market changes and business practices, Taobao may proactively close the relevant transaction order (i.e., close the order) in accordance with the rules if it discovers that your or other users' transaction behavior or related transaction orders violate Taobao platform rules or have serious misaligned rights and obligations. You agree that the occurrence of the above circumstances and Taobao's closing of the relevant transaction order will serve as a condition for the termination of the order, automatically terminating the contract and terminating rights and obligations upon order closure. Unless otherwise expressly provided in the rules, after Taobao closes the relevant transaction order, any unprovided goods/services will no longer be provided, and any payments made will be refunded.

Your purchases should be based on genuine consumer needs. You must not engage in malicious purchases of goods and/or services, engage in malicious rights protection, or engage in other activities that disrupt the normal trading order on the Taobao platform. To maintain the order and security of transactions on the Taobao platform, Taobao may proactively close the relevant transaction orders upon discovering such situations.

[Fixed Price vs. Auction] Taobao offers two bidding formats: "Fixed Price" and "Auction." In the auction format, you understand that Taobao is not an "auctioneer" as defined in the Auction Law of the People's Republic of China. Taobao serves only as an online trading venue where users can purchase goods and/or services through bidding.

[Reviews] You have the right to review the products and/or services of other users with whom you have entered into transactions using the review system provided by the Taobao platform. You should understand that your review information on the Taobao platform is public. If you do not wish to disclose your identity in your review information, you have the right to choose to post your review anonymously.

To ensure that reviews provide a reliable basis for consumers' shopping decisions and reflect the true nature of the goods and/or services, all of your reviews must comply with the relevant provisions of the Taobao platform rules. Reviews must be legal, objective, and truthful, relevant to the goods and/or services being traded, and must not contain any obscene language, pornography, vulgarity, advertising, or other prohibited information as set forth in laws, regulations, and this Agreement. You must not improperly help others improve their credit or use your review rights to threaten or extort other users. Taobao may take necessary measures in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Taobao platform rules regarding the review information generated by your aforementioned activities.

4.3 Resale of unused goods

To ensure that the goods and resources purchased and used by users on the Taobao platform can be fully circulated and utilized after they are idle, to promote the transformation and development of a circular economy and green consumption in society while reducing user transaction costs, and to ensure traceability of the information and quality of goods resold by users, the Taobao platform has deeply integrated the Xianyu community service, providing users with convenient publishing, one-click resale, circulation transactions, recycling, information exchange and other related services through the Xianyu community.

For the products you purchased on the Taobao platform, you can resell idle products with one click, or log in to the Xianyu community to manage the resale products and use other related services or functions.

To ensure that you can use the above services, you confirm that you agree to the "Xianyu Community User Service Agreement" when you first log in or use the Xianyu community service , and voluntarily abide by the aforementioned agreement and the relevant rules of the Xianyu community during the service process (if there is any inconsistency between the relevant agreements or rules of the Xianyu community and this Agreement, the relevant provisions of the Xianyu community shall prevail).

At the same time, to enable functions such as one-click resale, convenient publishing, and product traceability, you authorize the Taobao platform to match and bind associated accounts in the Xianyu community based on your Taobao platform account information (mobile phone number, etc.), and support you in calling historical product orders to publish idle products.

4.4  Transaction Dispute Resolution

[Transaction Dispute Resolution Methods] If you have a dispute with another user during a transaction on the Taobao platform, either you or the other user has the right to choose the following methods to resolve the dispute:

(1) autonomous negotiation with the other party to the dispute;

(2) using the dispute resolution services provided by the Taobao platform;

(3) requesting mediation from a consumer association or other legally established mediation organization;

(4) Complaints to relevant administrative departments;

(5) Submitting the case to arbitration by an arbitration institution in accordance with the arbitration agreement (if any) reached with the other party to the dispute;

(6) Filing a lawsuit with a people's court.

[Platform Mediation Service] If you use the Taobao platform's dispute mediation service in accordance with the Taobao platform rules, you acknowledge and agree to abide by the mediation decision (including adjusting the transaction status of the relevant order, determining whether to pay all or part of the disputed amount to one or both parties, etc.) made by Taobao platform customer service or public reviewers ("Mediator") as an independent third party based on their knowledge of the disputed facts and in accordance with the Taobao platform rules. Before the Taobao platform makes a mediation decision, you may choose to resolve the dispute through the above-mentioned methods (3), (4), (5), and (6) (hereinafter referred to as "Other Dispute Resolution Methods") to terminate the Taobao platform's dispute mediation service.

If you are not satisfied with the mediation decision, you still have the right to resolve the dispute through other dispute resolution channels. However, before a final decision is obtained through other dispute resolution channels, you must still implement the mediation decision first.

4.5  Information Exchange

To meet the needs of users for information exchange, such as sharing shopping experiences, you may comment, reply, leave messages, comment on, like, and publish information publicly and interact with other users through the Q&A, order sharing, forums, groups, and other information publishing functions provided by Taobao. The information may be in the form of text, pictures, videos, live broadcast content, emoticons, symbols, etc. You must ensure that all information you publish complies with relevant laws and regulations and the requirements of this Agreement.

4.6  Trade Restrictions

You promise to comply with all applicable laws and regulations regarding import and export controls, trade restrictions, and economic sanctions for goods, services, software, and technology obtained through the Taobao platform (including software and technology provided by the Taobao platform) . You promise not to engage in domestic or cross-border transactions that violate relevant laws and regulations without obtaining permission from relevant countries, regions, or international organizations.In order to maintain the transaction order and security of the Taobao platform, if you violate the above commitments, Taobao may proactively close the relevant transaction orders and make account disposal operations upon discovering the above circumstances. The platform will not be liable for any losses caused thereby  .

4.7  Fees

Taobao incurs significant costs in providing services to you through the Taobao platform. Except for services explicitly charged by the Taobao platform, the services provided by Taobao are currently free of charge. If Taobao charges you reasonable fees in the future, Taobao will take reasonable measures and, within a reasonable timeframe and in advance, go through legal procedures and notify you in the manner set forth in Article 8 of this Agreement , ensuring you have full choice.

4.8  Limitation of Liability

[Force Majeure and Third-Party Causes] Taobao will fulfill its basic guarantee obligations in accordance with the law. However, Taobao does not assume corresponding liability for breach of contract due to the following reasons:

(1) Force majeure such as natural disasters, strikes, riots, wars, government actions, judicial and administrative orders, etc.;

(2) due to power supply failure, communication network failure or other public service factors or third-party factors;

(3) Where Taobao has exercised its best efforts in good faith, the incident may occur due to routine or emergency equipment and system maintenance, equipment and system failures, network information and data security, etc.

[Massive Information] Taobao only provides you with the Taobao platform services. You understand that the information on the Taobao platform is user-generated and may contain risks and flaws. Taobao will establish relevant inspection and monitoring systems in accordance with the law to protect your legitimate rights and interests and a positive experience on the Taobao platform to the greatest extent possible. Furthermore, given the vast amount of information on the Taobao platform and the separation of information and physical objects in the information network environment, Taobao is unable to individually review the information of individual products and/or services, nor is it able to individually review the quality, safety, legality, authenticity, and accuracy of the products and/or services involved in each transaction. You should exercise due discretion in this regard.

[Mediation Decision] You understand and agree that during dispute mediation, Taobao's customer service representatives and public reviewers are not professionals and can only judge user-submitted credentials based on their common sense. Therefore, except for intentional or gross negligence, Taobao assumes no liability for dispute mediation decisions.

V. Protection and Authorization of User Information

5.1  Protection of Personal Information

Taobao attaches great importance to the protection of users' personal information (i.e., information that can be used to identify a user independently or in combination with other information). When you use Taobao's services, you agree that Taobao will collect, store, use, disclose, and protect your personal information in accordance with the Privacy Policy published on the Taobao platform. Taobao's Privacy Policy clearly explains how Taobao handles your personal information. Therefore, Taobao recommends that you read the Privacy Policy in its entirety ( click here ) to help you better protect your privacy.

5.2  Guarantee and Authorization of Non-Personal Information

[Information Release] You represent and warrant that you have the corresponding and legal rights to the information you release, that the information you release and the actions you take comply with relevant laws and regulations, national mandatory standards, and this Agreement, and that you have a management obligation for the information you release and will immediately delete any information that violates relevant laws and regulations or this Agreement. Otherwise, Taobao may delete or block the information you release in accordance with the law or this Agreement.

[Prohibited Information] You should ensure that the information you publish does not contain the following:

(1) Opposing the basic principles established by the Constitution;

(2) endangering national security, leaking state secrets, subverting state power, undermining national unity, or damaging national honor and interests;

(3) Promoting terrorism or extremism, or inciting the commission of terrorist or extremist activities;

(4) Inciting ethnic hatred, ethnic discrimination, or undermining ethnic unity;

(5) Inciting regional discrimination, regional hatred, or discrimination against any group of people;

(6) Undermining the state's religious policies and promoting cults and feudal superstitions;

(7) Distorting, vilifying, desecrating, or denying the deeds and spirit of heroes and martyrs, or insulting, slandering, or otherwise infringing upon the names, likenesses, reputations, or honors of heroes and martyrs;

(8) Spreading obscenity, pornography, gambling, violence, murder, terror, or instigating crime;

(9) Insulting or defaming others, infringing upon their reputation, privacy, portrait, intellectual property rights, or other legitimate rights and interests;

(10) Fabricating and spreading rumors or false information to disrupt economic and social order and undermine social stability;

(11) Using violence to intimidate or threaten others;

(12) Content that may cause minors to imitate unsafe behaviors or behaviors that violate social morality, induce minors to develop bad habits, or infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of minors or harm their physical and mental health;

(13) Infringing upon the personal privacy of others, secretly photographing or recording others without their permission, or infringing upon the legal rights of others;

(14) Spreading excessive marketing information and junk information;

(10) Comments using languages ​​other than the language commonly used on this website;

(16) The information published is meaningless, or character combinations are deliberately used to evade technical review;

(17) Using exaggerated titles, with content that is seriously inconsistent with the title;

(18) Hype up rumors, scandals, bad deeds, etc.;

(19) Improper comments on natural disasters, major accidents, and other disasters;

(20) Content that promotes vulgarity, banality, or kitsch, or promotes materialism and flaunting of wealth;

(21) Content that is horrific, violent, bloody, highly dangerous, or harmful to the physical and mental health of the performer or others, including but not limited to the following: suicidal, self-harming, or violent behavior; content that threatens life and health, or uses dangerous instruments such as knives to endanger the personal and/or property rights of oneself or others; content that encourages or induces others to participate in dangerous or illegal activities that may cause personal injury or death;

(23) Impersonating another person or using another person's name to access Taobao software services or disseminate any information, or maliciously using a registered account to misidentify other users;

(24) Contains viruses, Trojans, crawlers, or other malicious software or program code that may damage, tamper with, delete, or affect the normal operation of any system on the Taobao platform, or obtain data or personal information on the Taobao platform or other users without authorization;

(25) Other content that has a negative impact on the network ecosystem, and other content prohibited by laws and administrative regulations.

[Authorized Use] For non-personal information (excluding personal information) such as text, images, videos, audio, etc. that you provide, publish, and generate while using Taobao platform services, no intellectual property rights, portrait rights, or other rights will be transferred due to uploading, publishing, or other such acts. Unless we specify otherwise, to the extent permitted by law, you grant Taobao and its affiliates, and Alipay a free, non-exclusive, unrestricted license to use the information (including storing, using, copying, revising, editing, publishing, displaying, translating, and distributing the above information or creating derivative works, and incorporating the above information into other works in known or later developed forms, media, or technologies, etc.), the right to sublicense the use to third parties, and the right to collect evidence and initiate legal action against third parties for infringement in their own name.

To facilitate your use of the Alibaba platform, Alipay and other related services, you authorize Taobao to transmit the information you provide and generate during account registration and use of Taobao platform services to the Alibaba platform, Alipay and other related service providers, or to obtain the information you provide and generate during registration and use of related services from the Alibaba platform, Alipay and other related service providers. 

5.3  Complaints and Reports

If you discover any illegal or irregular behavior, illegal dissemination activities, illegal and harmful information while using Taobao platform services, you can file a complaint or report through the " Report Center ", " Internet Illegal and Harmful Information Reporting Hotline/Email (0571-81683755/jubao.tb@service.taobao.com)" and other methods announced by the Taobao platform. Taobao will handle your complaint and report in a timely manner in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

VI. User Breach and Handling

6.1  Determination of Breach of Contract

If any of the following circumstances occurs, you will be deemed to have breached the contract:

(1) Violating relevant laws and regulations when using Taobao platform services;

(2) Violation of this Agreement or the Supplementary Agreement hereto (i.e., Article 2.2 of this Agreement).

To adapt to the development of e-commerce and meet the needs of a vast number of users for efficient and high-quality services, you understand and agree that Taobao may stipulate in its platform rules the procedures and standards for determining breach of contract. For example, Taobao may determine whether you have committed a breach of contract based on the relationship between your user data and the vast amount of user data. You are obligated to provide sufficient evidence and reasonable explanation for any anomalies in your data; failure to do so will be deemed a breach of contract.

6.2  Measures for Breach of Contract

[Information Processing] If the information you post on the Taobao platform constitutes a breach of contract, Taobao may immediately delete or block the corresponding information in accordance with the relevant rules.

[Behavior Restrictions] If your actions on the Taobao platform, or any actions not conducted on the Taobao platform but that impact the Taobao platform and its users, constitute a breach of contract, Taobao may, in accordance with relevant rules, deduct points from your account, suspend some or all services to you, or deduct liquidated damages. If your actions constitute a fundamental breach of contract, Taobao may seal your account and terminate its services to you.

[Alipay Account Processing] When you breach your contract and engage in specific circumstances such as fraud, selling counterfeit goods, or misappropriating other people's accounts, or if you pose a risk to the transaction security or account security of others, Taobao will instruct Alipay to take compulsory measures such as canceling payments and suspending fund payments on your Alipay account based on the risk level of your behavior .

[Public announcement of handling results] Taobao may publicize on the Taobao platform the information on the handling measures for your above-mentioned breach of contract and other illegal information confirmed by effective legal documents from national administrative or judicial authorities.

6.3  Liability for Compensation

If your actions cause Taobao and/or its affiliates, or Alipay to suffer losses (including direct economic losses, loss of goodwill, and indirect economic losses such as compensation, settlement payments, attorney fees, litigation fees, etc.), you shall compensate Taobao and/or its affiliates, or Alipay for all of the above losses.

If your actions cause Taobao and/or its affiliates, or Alipay to be subject to claims by a third party, Taobao and/or its affiliates, or Alipay may seek compensation from you for all losses after assuming obligations such as monetary payment to the third party.

If your actions cause losses to a third party or you fail to implement the mediation decision, Taobao and/or its affiliates may, for the purpose of protecting the public interest, instruct Alipay to debit the corresponding amount from your Alipay account. If your Alipay balance or security deposit is insufficient to cover the corresponding amount, you agree to authorize Taobao to use its own funds to pay the aforementioned amount on your behalf. You will return this portion of the fee and compensate Taobao for all losses caused thereby.

You agree that Taobao will instruct Alipay to deduct the corresponding amount from your Alipay account to pay the aforementioned compensation. If the funds in your Alipay account are insufficient to pay the aforementioned compensation, Taobao and/or its affiliates may directly offset your rights and interests under other agreements with Taobao and/or its affiliates and may continue to pursue claims.

6.4  Special Agreements

[Commercial Bribery] If you provide benefits in kind, such as cash, cash equivalents, services, or travel, to employees or consultants of Taobao and/or its affiliates, that are significantly beyond the scope of normal business negotiations, you may be deemed to have engaged in commercial bribery. In such circumstances, Taobao may immediately terminate all cooperation with you and collect liquidated damages and/or compensation from you , calculated based on the economic losses and loss of goodwill suffered by Taobao as a result of your bribery.

[Related Processing] If Taobao terminates this Agreement due to your serious breach of contract, Taobao and/or its affiliates may suspend or even terminate the cooperation with you under other agreements for the purpose of maintaining platform order and protecting consumer rights, and notify you in the manner stipulated in Article 8 of this Agreement .

If other agreements signed between Taobao and you and agreements signed between Taobao and/or its affiliates, Alipay and you clearly stipulate the circumstances in which your cooperation under this Agreement will be handled in connection with each other, Taobao may suspend or even terminate the agreement upon receipt of instructions for the purpose of maintaining platform order, and notify you in the manner stipulated in Article 8 of this Agreement .

VII. Changes to the Agreement

Taobao may modify this Agreement and the Supplementary Agreement from time to time in accordance with changes in national laws and regulations and the need to maintain transaction order and protect consumer rights. The modified Agreement and Supplementary Agreement (hereinafter referred to as "Changes") will be notified to you through legal procedures and in the manner stipulated in Article 8 of this Agreement .

If you disagree with the changes, you have the right to contact Taobao to provide feedback before the effective date of the changes. If your feedback is accepted, Taobao will adjust the changes as appropriate.

If you still disagree with the effective changes, you should stop using the Taobao platform services from the effective date of the changes, and the changes will not be effective for you; if you continue to use the Taobao platform services after the changes come into effect, it will be deemed that you agree to the effective changes.

8. Notice

8.1  Effective contact information

When you register as a Taobao platform user and receive Taobao platform services, you should provide Taobao with real and valid contact information (including your email address, contact number, contact address, etc.). If your contact information changes, you are obligated to update the relevant information in a timely manner and remain contactable.

The member account (including sub-account) generated when you registered as a Taobao platform user and used to log in to the Taobao platform to receive in-site messages, system messages and Aliwangwang instant messages will also serve as your valid contact information.

Taobao will send you various notifications through one or more of the above-mentioned contact methods. The content of such notifications may have a significant positive or negative impact on your rights and obligations. Please pay attention to them in a timely manner.

You have the right to obtain commercial information such as product advertising information, promotional offers, etc. that you are interested in through the mobile phone number or email address you filled in when registering; if you do not wish to receive such information, you have the right to unsubscribe through the corresponding unsubscribe function provided by Taobao.

8.2  Delivery of Notices

Taobao will send you notices through the above-mentioned contact information. Written notices sent electronically, including but not limited to announcements on the Taobao platform, text messages sent to the contact number you provided, emails sent to the email address you provided, Wangwang messages, system messages and in-site messages sent to your account, will be deemed delivered upon successful delivery. Written notices sent on paper media will be deemed delivered on the fifth natural day after being mailed to the contact address provided.

For any disputes arising from transactions on the Taobao platform, you agree that judicial authorities (including but not limited to the People's Court) may serve you with legal documents (including but not limited to litigation documents) via modern communication methods such as text messages, emails, or Aliwangwang accounts, or by mail. The mobile phone number, email address, or Aliwangwang account you designate for receiving legal documents is the mobile phone number, email address, or Aliwangwang account you provided when registering or updating your Taobao account, as well as the Aliwangwang account you created when registering as a Taobao user. Legal documents sent by judicial authorities to the aforementioned contact information will be deemed served. The mailing address you designate is your legal contact address or a valid contact address you provide.

You agree that the judicial authorities may use one or more of the above methods to serve legal documents to you. If the judicial authorities use multiple methods to serve legal documents to you, the time of service shall be based on the earliest service among the above methods.

You agree that the above-mentioned service methods shall apply to all stages of the judicial process, including but not limited to the first instance, second instance, retrial, execution, and supervision procedures, etc.

You must ensure that the contact information you provide is accurate, valid, and updated in real time. If the contact information you provide is inaccurate or you fail to promptly notify us of any changes, resulting in legal documents being undeliverable or untimely, you will be solely responsible for any legal consequences.

IX. Termination of the Agreement

9.1  Circumstances of Termination

[User-initiated termination] You have the right to terminate this Agreement in any of the following ways:

(1) You cancel your account through the website self-service when you meet the account cancellation conditions announced by the Taobao platform (you can view the specific account cancellation conditions through "Taobao App - My Taobao - Settings - Account and Security - Cancel Account") ;

(2) You stop using the Service before the changes come into effect and expressly indicate your unwillingness to accept the changes;

(3) You expressly indicate that you do not wish to continue using the Taobao platform services and the Taobao platform's termination conditions are met.

[Termination initiated by Taobao] Taobao may terminate this Agreement by notifying you in the manner listed in Article 8 of this Agreement under the following circumstances:

(1) You violate the provisions of this Agreement and Taobao terminates this Agreement in accordance with the breach of contract clause;

(2) Taobao has blocked your account in accordance with the Taobao platform rules due to your misuse of other people's accounts, posting prohibited information, defrauding others of their property, selling counterfeit goods, disrupting market order, or seeking profit through improper means;

(3) In addition to the above circumstances, Taobao has sealed your account in accordance with the Taobao platform rules because you have repeatedly violated the relevant provisions of the Taobao platform rules and the circumstances are serious;

(4) Your account is recovered by Taobao in accordance with this Agreement;

(5) You have committed fraud, posted or sold counterfeit or inferior/infringing goods, infringed upon the legitimate rights and interests of others, or engaged in other serious illegal or breach of contract acts on Alipay or the Alibaba Platform;

(6) Other circumstances where service should be terminated.

9.2  Processing after termination of the Agreement

[User Information Disclosure] After the termination of this Agreement, Taobao has no obligation to disclose any information in your account to you or a third party designated by you, unless otherwise expressly provided by law.

[Taobao Rights] After the termination of this Agreement, Taobao will still enjoy the following rights:

(1) continue to preserve the various types of information listed in Article 5 of this Agreement that you have stored on the Taobao platform;

(2) Taobao may still hold you liable for any past breach of contract in accordance with this Agreement.

[Transaction Processing] After the termination of this Agreement, Taobao may notify the transaction counterparty of any transaction orders generated by you during the period of this Agreement and decide whether to close such transaction orders based on the transaction counterparty's wishes; if the transaction counterparty requires continued performance, you shall continue to perform the provisions of this Agreement and the transaction orders with respect to such transaction orders, and bear any losses or increased expenses arising therefrom.

10. Applicable Law, Jurisdiction and Others

【Applicable Law】The conclusion, effectiveness, interpretation, amendment, supplement, termination, execution and dispute resolution of this Agreement shall be subject to the laws of mainland China; if there are no relevant provisions in the law, reference shall be made to business practices and/or industry practices.

[Jurisdiction] Any disputes arising from or related to your use of Taobao Platform Services will be resolved through negotiation between Taobao and you. If negotiation fails, either party may initiate litigation in the People's Court with jurisdiction over the defendant's location.

[Severability] If any provision of this Agreement is deemed to be repealed, invalid or unenforceable, that provision shall be deemed severable and shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement.